PREMISE OF THE STUDY Carpinus betulus (Betulaceae) is an octoploid, ecologically important, common tree species in European woodlands. We established 11 nuclear microsatellite loci allowing for detailed analyses of genetic diversity and structure. METHODS AND RESULTS A microsatellite-enriched library was used to develop primers for 11 microsatellite loci that revealed high allele numbers and ...

The European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) is a transitional species in the Polish flora, reaching its northeastern range limit just beyond the Polish border (Jalas and Suominen, 1976; Boratyńska, 1993). The species is a telocratic taxon which appeared in Central Europe ~5000 years ago and spread throughout Poland ~4000 years ago (Huntley and Birks, 1983; Środoń, 1993; Ralska-Jasiewiczowa et a...

Background and Purpose: Water stress is one of the major problems for urban trees. It affects a wide range of plant responses, from changes at the cellular level to the reduction in growth rates. Irrigation of trees in urban areas may provide numerous benefits important for increasing tree vitality to withstand other stresses that might occur. The aim of this study was to compare drought effect...

The concentrations of sugars, starch, nutrients and some heavy metals were examined during the growing season in four tree species (Ailanthus glandulosa DESF., Carpinus betulus L., Tilia argentea DESF. and Quercus cerris L.), growing in natural and planted stands in a region with considerable industrial emissions and in an unpolluted area. Trees in the polluted regions had lower concentrations ...

Bu çalışmada, gürgen (Carpinus betulus L.) odunu zımpara tozu ile yüksek yoğunluklu polietilen (YYPE), çift burgulu ekstruderde karıştırıldıktan sonra kompozit malzemeler elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen kompozitlerin mekanik özelliklerini belirlemek için çekme, eğilme ve sertlik direnci testleri yapılmıştır. Bunlara ek olarak, termal Diferansiyel Taramalı Kalorimetre (DSC) analizleri Limit Oksijen...